Spectra

Assignment

University students:

  1. Read about history of quantum physics birth.
  2. Recalulate examples on quantization of physical quantities in the theory section and learn about spectral lines.  (see sections Introduction and Physical background.)
  3. Connect to the remote experiment and calibrate the spectrometer.
    (Measure positions of selected spectral lines of mercury lamp, their wavelenghts are easily assigned to them using table values. Proccess the calibration graphically and write the calibration function – assume linearity of the spectrometer chip. Beware, there are extra spectral lines e.g. from luminofor or glass.)
  4. Using the found calibration function measure at least 5 spectral lines of Balmer series for hydrogen, use appropriately set short/long time of exposition. Answer why it neccessary to measure spectrum at least in two different time intervals.
    Beware, there are extra spectral lines, they have more complex structure and different intensity!
    Run the experiment, university level.
  5. Evaulate error of wavelength measurement, compare measured values with theoretical values from equation (5).
  6. Proccess measured and theoretical values in table in the protocol (protocol has also to contain date and time of remote measurement).
    In conclusion discuss difference of theoretical and measured wavelenghts and compare qualitatively intensities of spectral lines.

Secondary school – verification approach:

  1. Read about history of quantum physics birth..
  2. Recalulate examples on quantization of physical quantities in the theory section and learn about spectral lines.  (see sections Introduction and Physical background.)
  3. Connect to the remote experiment and calibrate the spectrometer.
    (Measure positions of selected spectral lines of mercury lamp, their wavelenghts are easily assigned to them using table values. Proccess the calibration graphically and write the calibration function – assume linearity of the spectrometer chip. Beware, there are extra spectral lines e.g. from luminofor or glass.)
  4. For interested users: measure spectrum of mercury lamp and compare qualitatively with spectrum of hydrogen.
  5. Estimate error of measured wavelengths and compare them with theoretical values from equation (5).
  6. Proccess measured and theoretical values in table in the protocol (protocol has also to contain date and time of remote measurement).
    In conclusion discuss difference of theoretical and measured wavelenghts and compare qualitatively intensities of spectral lines.

Secondary school – heuristic approach:

  1. Connect to the remote experiment and measure spectrum of mercury lamp and Geissler discharge tube filled with hydrogen. Compare both spectrum.
  2. Determine at least 5 wavelengths of spectral lines of Balmer series of hydrogen from the measured spectrum. Use both short and long time of exposition. Answer why it neccessary to measure spectrum at least in two different time intervals.
    Beware, there are extra spectral lines – try to recognize emission lines of hydrogen systematically, e.g. with dicreasing intensity - height of spectral line!
  3. Estimate error of measured wavelengths.
  4. Order found spectral lines in one series (help: in interval of wavelengths in 369–700 nm) from the brightes, that is from the most significant. With the help of appropriate program (e.g. MS Excel) find dependence of wavelength on order of line.
  5. Proccess measured and theoretical values in table in the protocol (protocol has also to contain date and time of remote measurement).
    In conclusion discuss difference of theoretical and measured wavelenghts and compare qualitatively intensities of spectral lines.